In Europe, there is a tremendous amount of fraud with olive oil in various ways. This is especially true in Greece and Italy. It's estimated that well over half the olive oil you buy is not actually olive oil. The labeling also is fraudulent. For instance, most of the Italian olive oil comes from olives in Spain and Africa, and a great deal of what is sold as olive oil is watered down (if you can use that expression) or not even from olives. I believe the Spanish olive oil is more legit. At least, they haven't been caught as much. I've read several articles on this. They are now testing olive oils and I recall reading that Kirkland (Costco brand) was legit, if that is any help, otherwise, I think it is a crapshoot, unless you're buying from the source. The mark-up on this stuff is insane. There are a few Spanish brands that I love around $10/liter in Spain. Unfortunately, I can't find them here for under $40.